貧困發(fā)生率

貧困發(fā)生率又稱“貧困人口指數(shù)”，指國(guó)家或地區(qū)生活在貧困線以下的貧困人口數(shù)量占總?cè)丝谥?。由于貧困發(fā)生率對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的貧困狀況的表述較為直觀，因此不僅有助于考察國(guó)家或地區(qū)貧困狀況，而且是檢驗(yàn)減貧政策有效性的重要指標(biāo)。

在脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)中，貧困發(fā)生率不僅是貧困村識(shí)別的重要指標(biāo)，即“行政村貧困發(fā)生率比全省貧困發(fā)生率高一倍以上”，也是貧困縣脫貧摘帽的主要衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即“貧困發(fā)生率必須低于2%（西部地區(qū)低于3%）”。改革開放40多年來，中國(guó)農(nóng)村7億多貧困人口擺脫貧困，貧困發(fā)生率由1978年的97.5%下降到2018年年底的1.7%，創(chuàng)造了人類減貧史上的中國(guó)奇跡。

Poverty Headcount Ratio

The poverty headcount ratio is the ratio of the number of people living under the poverty line in a country or a region to the total population. It is an objective reflection of poverty in a country or a region, and it is a major norm for evaluating the poverty reduction policy.

In China, if the poverty headcount ratio of a village is more than double that of the province where it is located, it will be identified as impoverished, and if the poverty headcount ratio of a county is lower than 2 percent, it will be regarded as having eliminated poverty. In western areas this figure is 3 percent.

Since China launched reform and opening up in the late 1970s, more than 700 million poor people have been lifted out of poverty, and the poverty headcount ratio has been cut from 97.5 percent in 1978 to 1.7 percent in late 2018, a true miracle in the history of poverty reduction.